Chemistry Covalent Structures Bonding

Question

Write the following elements structural formula, electron dot formula, molecular shape, bond polarity (P or NP) and Molecular polarity (P or NP)

Elements: NH3, CH4, CCl4, CCl2F2, C2H2, CH2O, CH3CH2OH

Answer 1

The items you present are NOT elements, but rather they are compounds. I cannot easily draw structures on this platform, but will do my best to describe the Lewis structure so you can draw it. Also note that for some of the compounds, there are different bonds and so P or NP may not apply to all. For example, is CH2O, the C-H are NP but the C=O bond is P.

NH₃ (8 valence electrons)

Place N in the center and attach 3 H atoms around it. Place 1 lone pair of electrons on the N.

Molecular shape = trigonal pyramidal

Bond polarity = P

Molecular polarity = P

CH₄ (8 valence electrons)

Place C in the center and attach 4 H atoms around it.

Molecular shape = tetrahedral

Bond polarity = NP

Molecular polarity = NP

CCl₄ (32 valence electrons)

Place C in the center and attach 4 Cl atoms around it.

Molecular shape = tetrahedral

Bond polarity = P

Molecular polarity = NP

CCl₂F₂ (32 valence electrons)

Place C in the center and attach 2 Cl atoms and 2 F atoms around it.

Molecular shape = tetrahedral

Bond polarity = P

Molecular polarity = P

C₂H₂ (10 valence electrons)

H₂C=CH₂ Place C=C in the center and attach 2 H atoms to each C.

Molecular shape = trigonal planar

Bond polarity = NP

Molecular polarity = NP

CH₂O (12 valence electrons)

Place C in the center and attach 2 H atoms with single bonds and 1 O atom with a double bond. Place 2 lone pairs of electrons on the O atom.

Molecular shape = trigonal planar

Bond polarity = P

Molecular polarity = P

CH₃CH₂OH (20 valence electrons)

C - C - O - H attach 3 H atoms to the first C atom, 2 H atoms to the second C atom and place 2 lone pairs of electrons on the O atom.

Molecular shape = tetrahedral

Bond polarity = P

Molecular polarity = P