Mark M. answered 11/02/21
Retired math prof. Very extensive Precalculus tutoring experience.
P(θ) = (cosθ, sinθ) = (a, b). So, a = cosθ and b = sinθ. Therefore, a2 + b2 = 1 and tanθ = sinθ/cosθ = b/a.
So, (2tanθ) / (1+tan2θ) = 2(b/a) / (1 + b2/a2)
= 2(b/a) / [(a2+b2) / a2]
= (2b/a) (a2/ (a2+b2)
= 2ab / (a2+b2)
= 2ab = 2(cosθ)(sinθ) = sin(2θ)