Hello, Amy,
The gradient will be the change in elevation per change in distance. The elevation gain between the two locations is (80 - 40) = 40 meters. This change occured over a distance of 1.5 Km. One could go with:
80 m/1.5 km
But it seems likely that a gradient should have the same units. Let's convert km into meters: 1 km = 1000m
Now we have:
(80 m)/(1500 m). This reduces to 8/150
Bob