Biochemistry regarding TCA, glycolysis cycle etc in bacteria

Question

A new variant of the laboratory strain E. coli has been isolated and requires oxygen for growth. You want to determine what metabolic pathways are active in this organism. It does not accumulate any carbon polymer.

Based on what you know about metabolites present in and compounds synthesized by bacteria (such as cell walls and phospholipids), for each of the three carbon sources, WRITE THE LETTER OF THE METABOLIC PATHWAY and/or REACTION (located bottom ) that is required for the organism to metabolize the carbon source and use it as biosynthetic precursor for long-term and sustained growth of the organism, requiring oxygen.

CARBON SOURCES:

I. Fructose

II. C20 saturated Fatty Acid

III. Gluconate (gluconic acid)

METABOLIC PATHWAY and/or REACTION:

A.Embden-Meyerof-Parnas (EMP) Aerobic glycolysis

B.Entner-Doudoroff Pathway (ED)

C.PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase)

D.Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle)

E.Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and ATP synthase

F.Glyoxylate Cycle

G.Gluconeogenesis (GNG)

H.Beta-oxidation

I.Fatty Acid Synthesis

J.Lactic Acid Fermentation

K.Pyruvate Carboxylase

L.Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Answer 1

Over 2,140,000 secondary metabolites are known and are commonly classified according to their vast diversity in structure, function, and biosynthesis. There are five main classes of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids and steroids, fatty acid-derived substances and polyketides, alkaloids, nonribosomal polypeptides, and enzyme cofactors .The major sources of secondary metabolites are plants (80% of secondary metabolite), bacteria, fungi, and many marine organisms (sponges, tunicates, corals, and snails) ,lant secondary metabolites represent highly economically valuable products. These are used as high value chemicals such as drugs, flavors, fragrances, insecticides, dyes, etc. Plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found to have in vitro antimicrobial properties. Plants have an almost limitless ability to synthesize aromatic substances, most of which are phenols or their oxygen-substituted derivatives [9]. About 25,000 terpenoids are known as secondary compounds and are derived from the five-carbon precursor isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP). In total, around 12,000 known alkaloids are identified, and they possess one or more nitrogen atoms which are biosynthesized from amino acids. The 8000 known phenolic compounds are synthesized either through the shikimic acid pathway or through the malonate/acetate pathway .

Many alkaloids are used in medicine, usually in the form of salts. Some examples include vinblastine which has antitumor properties. quinine which has antipyretics and antimalarial properties ; and reserpine which can be used to treat high blood pressure. Alkaloids are regarded as reserve materials for protein synthesis, as protective substances discouraging animal or insect attacks, and as plant stimulants or regulators or simply as detoxification products. Alkaloids currently in clinical use include the analgesics morphine and codeine, the anticancer agent vinblastine, the gout suppressant colchicine, the muscle relaxant tubocurarine, the antiarrhythmic ajmalicine, the antibiotic sanguinarine, and the sedative scopolamine.

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