Preterite verb endings are as follows:
-ar (ex: cantar)
é (yo canté)
aste (tú cantaste)
ó (ella cantó)
amos (nosotros cantamos)
asteis (vosotros cantasteis)
aron (ellos cantaron)
-er,-ir (ex: comer, escribir)
í (yo comí, yo escribí)
iste (tú comiste, tú escribiste)
ió (él comió, ella escribió)
imos (nosotros comimos, nosotros escribimos)
isteis (vosotros comisteis, vosotros escribisteis)
ieron (ellos comieron, ellas escribieron)
All you need to do is drop the -ar, -er, or -ir off the infinitive, and add the proper ending depending on the subject.
So, number one on your list would be yo canté, because cantar becomes "cant" when we drop the -ar. We add the "yo" form, é, and we get canté. Remember that there are several stem changes when we use the preterite, especially for -ir verbs and stems that end in a vowel. Some of the most common verbs like ser and dar also have irregular forms in the preterite.
Let me know if you need anymore help!