Nouns and adjectives in Spanish, masculine and feminine ?

Answer 1

1.- Sustantivos:

1.2.- Definition:

Los Sustantivos: are words that we use to name: people, animals, objects, feelings, activities and ideas, they are usually preceded by an article: Singular or plural, masculine or feminine and definite or indefinite.

1.3.1 Sustantivos masculinos: usually end in: -L, -O, -N, -E, -R, -S

Ejemplo: el papel, el juego, el pan, el café, el amor, el lunes

Exceptions: they end in -MA and TA.

Ejemplos: el clima, el cometa.

Other exceptions:

1.3.2. Sustantivos femeninos: ending in -A, -D, -ÓN, -Z.

Ejemplo: la comida, la universidad, la televisión, la voz.

Exceptions: el día, el lápiz, el sofá, el camión, el corazón.

Words with -IS, -IE, -UMBRE endings are feminine: la crisis, la serie, la costumbre.

La noche, la piel, la gente, la clase, la imagen, la nieve, la mano, la foto, la cárcel, y la parte.

1.3.3. Sustantivos femeninos o masculinos

a) Words with endings in: -TA, TE.

Ejemplos: La poeta, el poeta; la cantante, el cantante.

b) Because of the gender:

Masculine: el hombre, el padre, el actor, el toro, el caballo.

Feminine: la mujer, la madre, la actriz, la vaca, la yegua.

2.- Los Adjetivos

2.1- Definition: refers, modifies or gives information about the Sustantivo.

2.3.- Adjective endings:

2.3.1. Masculine adjectives ¨o¨ ending:

The majority of the times, when the adjective ends in ¨o¨, the adjective is masculine.

Ejemplo: El muchacho alto (article: el, noun: muchacho, alto: adjective) all three are singular and masculine. Agreement: singular and masculine.

2.3.2 Feminine adjectives, ¨a¨ ending:

The majority of the times, when the adjective ends in ¨a¨, the adjective is feminine.

Ejemplo: La muchacha alta. (gender: feminine and number: singular).

Las muchachas altas. (gender: feminine and number: plural).

2.3.3 Adjectives ending in ¨e, l, n¨: these adjectives can be used as masculine or feminine without modification.

      a)   Ejemplo adjective ending in ¨e¨: el chicho inteligente (gender: masculine, number: singular)

Los chichos inteligentes (gender: masculine, number: plural); la chica inteligente (gender: feminine, number: singular); las chichas inteligentes (gender: feminine, number: plural).

b)     Ejemplo adjective ending in ¨L¨: la tarea difícil (gender: feminine, number: singular).

Add an ¨es¨ to the plural: los cuestionarios difíciles (gender: masculine, number: plural).

c)      Ejemplo adjective ending in ¨n¨: la jovén guapa (gender: feminine, number: singular).

Add an ¨es¨ to the plural: Los jovenes altos (gender: masculine, number: plural).

2.4. Adjective placement: the adjective can be place before or after the noun.

In English as a Germanic language tends to put the adjective after the noun, in the romantic languages as Spanish, there is a tendency to put it after the noun, with a great flexibility.

Before placement, refers to the attention on the quality, as BONITA CASA (beautiful house). Also, this has a more affective and poetic meaning. Look at 2.2. c) Descriptive adjective, previously mentioned.

After placement, focuses on the object and opposes it to the others, as: MI CARRO NEGRO (MY WHITE CAR), it implies that you have another car.

Answer 2

NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

MASCULINE AND FEMININE:

 

Nouns and Adjectives in Spanish, can be either masculine or feminine no matter if talking of persons, places, things or quality, and are usually accompanied by an article.

In Spanish, adjectives either masculine or feminine go after the nouns they modify. And agree in gender and number with the nouns they describe.

(A)  Feminine

1. Most nouns and adjectives ending in “a” are feminine: la puerta roja (the red door), la manzana (the apple), la silla (the chair), la mesa amarilla (the yellow table), There are some exceptions though such as el mapa (the map), el dÍa (the day)
2. Nouns ending in “ión”, “dad”, “tad”, “tud”, “umbre” are feminine: la opresión (the oppression), la estación (the season), la ciudad (the city), la libertad (the freedom), la juventud, (the youth), la muchedumbre (the crowd).

(B)   Masculine

1. Most nouns and adjectives ending in “o” are masculine: el mercado (the market), el dedo (the finger), el pollo (the chicken), el vaso rojo (the red glass). There are also some exceptions such as: la mano (the hand), la moto (the motorcycle).

Some other exceptions are nouns ending in “ma” which refer to non-concrete things, are masculine such as: el drama (the drama), el problema (the problem), el diagrama (the diagram), el clima (the weather), el idioma (the language), el tema (the theme), el sistema (the system), el programa (the program