What role do cognitive processes play in the perception of pain?

Answer 1

A negative emotional state and low optimism for successful treatment can increase the intensity of the pain. However, a positive emotional state and a positive expectation of pain relief can lower pain. This phenomenon is thought to be placebo analgesia. In addition, distraction from the pain can play a significant role in pain relief.

Answer 2

It's important to think about which processes you are speaking of, because there many of them that can influence pain perception. One of the most blatant example of mental processes and their effect on pain is the idea of Placebo and Nocebo. The placebo effects occurs when you tell someone they will only feel a little bit of pressure before inducing a painful experience. That person will say they felt less pain. Doctors use this to keep patients calm during shots. Doctors usually say "you will feel a little pinch". On the other if the doctor decided to say " this will hurt alot", most patients would say that experience more pain; this is the Nocebo effect. In a way, pain is subjective.