Mike P. answered 12/15/19
Professional researcher with over 20 peer-reviewed publications
Broadly, whenever you are trying to use data (here, annotations) from a single person to try to understand just that one person, you can consider that psychobiography, a case study in personality, or the idiographic methodology applied in personality psychology. The kind of activity your teacher describes is actually what got me into psychology, except I was interested in poems instead of annotations :)