First, you have to find the total population increase by subtracting the population in 2004 (21,500) from the population in 2012 (31,900). This would be 31,900 - 21,500 = 10,400.
Next, you need to determine how many years went by (2012 - 2004 = 8). Finally, you divided the total population increase by the number of years over which the population increased. This would be 10,400 / 8 = 1300. Therefore, the annual population change was +1300 (the population went up by 1300 annually).