
David W. answered 04/10/19
Experienced Prof
A percent (e.g., 50%) may be written as a fraction (e.g., 4/8 or 1/2) or as a decimal number (e.g., 0.5). These three representations are related (and we go from one to another) by dividing or multiplying.
Now, if you allow multiplying ("without dividing") and also recognize that the definition of percent means "per hundred" then:
4 / 8 = (4 / 8)*1 = (4 / 8)*(12.5 / 12.5) = (4 * 12.5) / (8 * 12/5) = 50 / 100 = "50 per 100" = 50%
Of course, dividing is the same as multiplying by the inverse of a number. In a computer, very basic logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, NOT) can add two binary numbers. If you can add, you can subtract (negate then add). If you can add, you can multiply (ADD many times). And if you can subtract, you can divide (subtract many times). This is done at Gigahertz (billions of cycles per second) speeds.