Doesn't 被 mean "by"?

Question

I've always thought of 被 as "by." I understand the following phrase means "deducted 10 points" but I don't understand the structure. > 整整要被扣十分

Answer 1

“被” is a passive indicator (meaning “by”) used in a passive structure to introduce either the doer of the action, or the action alone. In this sentence “整整要被扣10分”, “整整” means “wholly” or “fully”, “要”means “need to”, 扣 means “deduct”, so “整整要被扣10分” literally means “Wholly needs to be deduced (by someone for) 10 points”. I hope this helps.

Answer 2

This sentence is more like a passive voice, meaning "10 points were deducted", as if meaning [by someone] that's why the 被 is there. Without the 被 it would be an active sentence saying that somebody was deducting points.