Hi Chloe,
one way to solve the question is with proportions. We'll use apples as numerator and cost as denominator:
5 8
– = –
3 x
Cross-multiply (a.k.a multiply diagonally) and you get: 5x = 24
Divide both sides by 5 and you get: x = 4.8
Answer: If 5 apples cost $3, 8 apples would cost $4.80