If g(x) = a*f(x) and |a| < 1, then g(x) is a vertical compression of f(x). If a < 0, then g(x) is a reflection of f(x) across (over) the x-axis.
Note that g(x) could be a vertical compression, an x-axis reflection, or both depending upon the value of a.
Examples: If a = - 2, then you have an x-axis reflection and a vertical stretch.
If a = 1/2, then you have a vertical compression, but no x-axis reflection.
If a = -1/2, then you have a vertical compression and an x-axis reflection.
If a = 3, then you have a vertical stretch but no x-axis reflection.
The sign of a determines whether or not an x-axis reflection occurs. The magnitude (absolute value) of a determines whether a compression or a stretch occurs.