Hello G K,
The statement "The cost of the taxi cab is a function of the number of miles" should help you answer part a.
The cost of the taxi cab is a function of the number of miles = the cost of the taxi cab DEPENDS on the number of miles. Therefore:
a. number of miles = independent variable; cost of the taxi cab = dependent variable
b. x = input variable, so x = number of miles.
c(x) = 16 + 6x
Why? You're told the cab charges $16 PLUS $6 per mile.