Raymond B. has already answered this correctly. I'll simply add the background on how the answer can be derived mathematically.
Let X be the "one number." Let "the other number" be Y.
"One number is 3 more than twice the other number." can be written as:
X = 2Y + 3
"the sum of the two numbers is 27," can be written as:
X + Y = 27
Substitute the definition of X from the first equation into the second:
X + Y = 27
(2Y+3) + Y = 27
Simplify: 2Y + 3 + Y = 27
3Y = 24
Y = 8
Use Y=8 to solve the first equation for X:
X = 2Y + 3
X = 2*(8) + 3
X = 19
The two numbers are 8 and 19
CHECK:
1) Does X = 2Y + 3 for X=19 and Y=8?
X = 2Y + 3
19 = 2*(8) + 3 ?
19 = 19 YES
2) Does X + Y = 27 for X=19 and Y=8?
X + Y = 27
(19) + (8) = 27 ?
27 = 27 YES
The two numbers are 8 and 19
