Hello Matthew,
You can set up proportions with gallons of water on top, hours at the bottom:
gallons of water 3/4 X
________________ ____ = ______
hours 1/2 7
We're looking for x because the problem asks how many gallons has David drank over 7 hours.
We'll cross multiply: 7 * 3/4 = x * (1/2)
Divide both sides by 1/2: 7*(3/4)/(1/2) = x
You are dividing by 1/2, that means you can MULTIPLY by 2/1: 7*(3/4)*(2/1) = x
7*(6/4) = x
7*(3/2) = x
21/2 = x so x = 10.5 gallons or 10 1/2 gallons
Answer: David has drank 10 1/2 gallons of water in the past 7 hours.