Their are multiple technologies that had allowed European nation-states to successfully imperialize Africa. One of them is the steam engine. It allowed the Europeans to travel deeper into Africa to claim control. Railroads were also another form of technology that had helped transportation from one place to another very convenient. European guns had developed greatly at this time, which they had used to their power.
Sorry, Europeans had been in Africa long before the invention of the Steam Engine. Check Egyptian or Angolan history. Portuguese had colonized parts of Africa from 1415 ( retrieved July 19 2021 from https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/agex/hd_agex.htm). While the steam engine was not invented until 1698 by Thomas Savery ( retrieved July 19 2021 from https://www.livescience.com). Guns only occurred because gunpowder was one of the things Europeans discovered from wars with East military people.
Gun powder was created in the 9th century by Chinese monks for medicine. The Moguls introduced in the Middle East in 13th century (retrieved July 19 2021 https://www.brown.edu/). Something akin to a guns appear in China around 1000 A.D. ( Herbst 2005). And arrive in Europe around the 13th century.
Sharon P.
07/19/21