You didn't provide the table, but it seems to contain actual sales and predicted sales for given values of x (price increases). The predicted sales are computed from the f(x) model given in the problem statement. If they aren't in the table, you can compute them for each value of x using the f(x) model. For each value of x, the residual is just the actual sales minus the predicted sales as computed by the f(x) model.
Residual = Actual Sales - Predicted Sales