Ethem S. answered 04/05/20
Learn the Basics of Math and MATLAB with Former MIT Research Engineer
Growth "factor" means, we need to multiply the initial value with growth factor to find out the final value.
final value = initial value * growth factor
To find the percent growth rate, we need to find out how much growth we get for an initial value of 100:
final value = 100 * 1.031 = 103.1
Then the growth is 103.1 - 100 = 3.1 growth per hundred, in other words 3.1%.