Generally f(x) is a function, in this case f(x) = 3. a function maps input to output.
let's imagine a different function for a moment: g(x) = x^2
For g(x), x is the input and g(x) is the output, so when x = 1, g(x) = 1^2 = 1
when x = -3, g(x) = (-3)^2 = 9
when x = infinity, g(x) = infinity^2 = +infinity
when x = -infinity, g(x) = (-infinity)^2 = +infinity
All that in mind, every function has two features: a DOMAIN and a RANGE (words can vary from textbook to textbook)
the DOMAIN is the possible values of the INPUT x
the RANGE is the possible values of the OUTPUT f(x) or g(x)
SO, for g(x) = x^2, the DOMAIN is all real numbers, while the RANGE is only the positive real numbers (and 0)
What is a real number? A real number is basically any number. It can be a whole number or a decimal, it can be positive, negative, or zero, it can have a fractional representation (3/4) or it can NOT, like pi, which cannot be reduced to a fraction.
So when you read real number, for our purposes, just think "any number"
Now, with all that, the function F(x) = 3.
The DOMAIN is any value that x can take. This is a strange case because F(x) is NOT DEPENDENT on x. Whatever value x has, F(x) will ALWAYS be 3.
So x can basically do whatever it wants, which we can say more formally as:
x can take on the value of any real number
or, put another way
the domain of F(x) is all real numbers
Please feel free to reply or reach out if you have any more questions!