When they say f(0) = -5 they mean the point (0, -5) is on the line.
When they say f(3) = 4 they mean the point (3, 4) is on the line.
Find the slope: m = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1) = (4+5)/(3-0) = 3
The first point happens to the the y-intercept, so b = -5
In y = mx + b form, we would have f(x) = 3x - 5.