Arturo O. answered 12/17/19
Experienced Physics Teacher for Physics Tutoring
I suggest working with inverse trig functions, in this case, the arcsine.
a = sin[(a + x) / 2] / sin(a/2)
a sin(a/2) = sin[(a + x) / 2]
arcsin[a sin(a/2)] = arcsin{sin[(a + x) / 2]}
arcsin[a sin(a/2)] = (a + x) / 2
x = 2 arcsin[a sin(a/2)] - a
Now here is where you can run into trouble. The arcsine is multivalued. You might need a domain restriction, or something else.