If the final exam is worth 6 test scores, that is like having a total of 10 tests, including the ones listed. For the average to be the minimum average of 80, the total must be 800 (in order to divide by 10 to get 80), and 830 to get the maximum average of 83. So to get the final exam grades that make these averages happen, we need the two equations:
84 + 76 + 83 + 83 + 6x = 800
and
84 + 76 + 83 + 83 + 6x = 830
So, in each equation, we can add like terms and get
326 + 6x = 800
and
326 + 6x = 830
6x = 474
and
6x = 504
x = 79
and
x = 84.