What part of speech is the word "smiling" in this example?

Question

The present participial (participle) is formed from the verb stem normally by adding *-ing* to the infinitive with some variation based on the final letters of the stem. Thus *to smile* becomes *smiling*. The participle can act as a nonfinite verb, adjective, noun, or as part of an adverb clause. [*The Chicago Manual of Style*]Some examples:*Smiling is good for you.* - Noun [Gerund]*I love to see your smiling face.* - Adjective*Joe ran from Melissa, smiling as he went.* - Nonfinite verb [Joe was smiling]*She was grinning, smiling even, as she walked up to the podium.* - Participle phrase being used as an adverbBut what about:__I said, "Look at those two smiling over there!"__?

Answer 1

I would deduce that, in your example, "smiling" is a nonfinite verb, similar to your example of "Joe ran from Melissa, smiling as he went," in that "those two" are the ones smiling. It is not an adjective because, in the grammatical sentence, it is not describing "those two" ("Look at those two smiling people over there"), and it is not part an adverbial phrase because it's not modifying the verb in the sentence ("look"), but it is being used to describe what those two are doing, and as such, would be a nonfinite verb. I hope this helps!