For exponential growth we use the formula for a geometric sequence
A(n) = A x r^t where A is the initial value, r is the geometric ratio or growth rate in their problem t is time and A(n) is the value at any given time
We have to start by solving for r
We know t=2 2000 - 2002 is 2 years
So 1538 = 1140 x r^2
r^2 = 1538/1140
r= 1.1615
Now that we know r we can calculate the value in the 16 years which have elapsed from 2000 to 2016
A = 1140 x 1.1615^16 = 12,511