What are some good examples of computational photography?

Answer 1

There are no computations in professional photography. (well) you can walk around with a light meter all you want, but that doesn't mean anything. You can go to a studio or hotel room and record interviews or go back to the studio and shoot a car commercial. Kelvin temperatures are ever changing.

...sorry to say this, but after thirty years of network photography. You can't calculate light. Light calculates you.

Answer 2

An example you may already have come across is the "bokeh" effect on Apple's iPhone cameras--the phone's onboard computer uses a depth map (a table of distances to the subject obtained from the phone's onboard sensors) to calculate and create the blurry background that a camera with a larger sensor would have rendered when using a fast lens to make portraits. (Without such computer-assisted blurring, most phone-cameras render relatively sharp backgrounds when shooting portraits, regardless of lens settings or the photographer's intent.)