J.R. S. answered 05/10/18
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CO2 is a linear compound (O=C=O) and is very non polar. The only forces holding molecules together are the London Dispersion intermolecular forces. SiO2 is actually a network solid where the Si is surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms forming a lattice network. The intermolecular forces in this configuration are rather significant, and so it is a solid at room temperature. Further explanation would require an understanding of hybridization and bond strengths and lengths, which may be beyond the scope of this question.