Hi Jennifer,
First the quadratic is symmetric i.e. when you replace x by-x you get the same result. y(x)=y(-x). whereas the exponential function is not symmetric.
Second the quadratic function has no unique inverse but the exponential does
Third the exponential function increases faster the the quadratic function d(2^x)/dx >d(x^2)/dx.
Fourth the quadratic has a global minimum but the exponential does not.
Hope this gets you started
Jim