
Maria M. answered 09/11/15
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Hispanist: Spanish language, literatures, cultures of Spain/Lat Am
Who saw "them" as a threat? Who is "them"? The Christians or the Romans?
I'd say they both saw each other as a threat: the Christians, as a threat to their own lives; the Romans, alternatively, saw the Christians as a threat to the life of the very Empire, as a cultural and historical continuity.
The Christians were one of the many sects (there were women following the Egyptian goddess Isis; there were soldiers following the Persian cult of Mitra the bull-slayer, a men-only society), but it was only them who elicited such animosity.
The Roman emperors did not like the Christians and responded in different ways but with increasing annoyance —not always with ferocity though— as the centuries I-III went by... but the Christians would not disappear. Tiberius considered them a nuisance; Nero tried to destroy them; Trajan thought it wiser to only punish them as isolated cases and not as harshly, etc. There were different responses from the different emperors, no homogeneity.
In the IIIrd century, however, all that changed and a new policy of persecution and cruelty became the official imperial stand against the Christians. Detius, Diocletian, synonyms of death. To explain their deadly actions, one must recall that with these two emperors a new stage of Rome's life began: the Dominado (Dominatus?), in which the Emperor was 'Domine', and not just 'Princeps'. He had to dominate everything in the Empire, to control it. Christians were in the way.