
Iordan G. answered 05/06/24
Mathematics PhD with extensive teaching and applied experience
This is an application of the definition of conditional probability.
Let A be the event that a customer orders a pastry. Let B be the event that a customer orders a pastry and coffee.
The given information implies that P(A)=0.38 and P(A and B)=0.2. We seek the conditional probability P(B|A). By definition, we have:
P(B|A) = P(A and B) / P(A)
Plugging in the quantities we know, we arrive at P(B|A) = 0.2/0.38, which is approximately 0.5263.