Because we are dealing with ions, I would automatically think charge first.
Coulomb's law describes the electrostatic force between two charged particles.
F = (kq1q2) / r^2
k = constant
q1= charge 1
q2= charge 2
r= distance between two charges
Therefore, because lattice energy is a measure of attractive forces (electrostatic forces) between two charged molecules (ionic), a smaller distance will give us a greater force.