J.R. S. answered 05/05/21
Ph.D. University Professor with 10+ years Tutoring Experience
Ca + Cl2 ==> CaCl2
(d) Cl2 is reduced because it goes from an oxidation number of zero, to an oxidation number of 1-.
When an atom is oxidized the oxidation number of that atom (b) increases
2Na(s) + S(s) ==> Na2S(s)
Na goes from an oxidation number of zero to an oxidation number of 1+. It was oxidized. (reducing agent)
S goes from an oxidation number of zero to an oxidation number of 2-. It was reduced. (oxidizing agent)
The OXIDIZING AGENT is S.