Hi Bob,
Draw two right triangles to help you understand- these two triangles are similar - so their sides are proportional.
side corresponding to 24 ft flagpole would be 6ft( man)
so you have to find the side corresponding to the 8 ft shadow . Let that side be x
24:6= 8:x
24/6=8/x
cross multiply
24x= 8*6
x = 48/24
x=2
the shadow cast by the man would be 2ft.
if you now go back and check the two triangles you will see that the corresponding sides are in the ratio
4:1
hope this helps