PLzz helppp i only kno how to balance them

Question

Balance the following, identify the solid, liquid, or gas produced and find the net ionic equation for the following.

1. CuCl2 + K3PO4 --> KCl + Cu3PO4

2. H2SO4 + NaOH --> Na2SO4 + H2O

3. BaCl2 + MgSO4 --> BaSO4 + MgCl2

4. Fe(NO3)3 + NaOH --> Fe(OH)3 + NaNO3

5. CuSO4 + Na3PO4 --> Cu3(PO4) + Na2SO4

Answer 1

You mentioned that you know how to balance the equations, but let's make sure that we are on the same page before moving forward! In each of the individual bimolecular reactions, place coefficients in front of each compound so that the total number of each atom in the reactants and products balances. See the coefficients that I have added below:

1. 3 CuCl2 + K3PO4 --> 3 KCl + Cu3PO4

2. H2SO4 + 2 NaOH --> Na2SO4 + 2 H2O

3. BaCl2 + MgSO4 --> BaSO4 + MgCl2

4. Fe(NO3)3 + NaOH --> Fe(OH)3 + NaNO3

5. CuSO4 + Na3PO4 --> Cu3(PO4) + Na2SO4

Using the first equation as an example, I looked for compounds with multiple of any cation (positively charged atom) or anion (negatively charged atom or group). In this formula, you see that K3PO4 has 3 potassium (K) cations, and Cu3PO4 has 3 copper (Cu) cations. Phosphate (PO4) is collectively an anion with a charge of -3. Since both of these compounds have three of their respective cations, we should add a coefficient of 3 in front of CuCl2 and KCl. Once you have done this, the equation already balances for all atoms. We did it!

It is a little unclear what the next part of the question is asking. I interpret this as identifying the name and phase of the two products for each chemical formula. Note that I identify many of the compounds as solids, but most of these would be aqueous if in the presence of water!

1. KCl is a salt with potassium and chloride ions. This is simply named potassium chloride, and it is a solid.

Cu3PO4 is a salt with copper and phosphate ions. Copper has two possible valences: +1 and +2, and phosphate always has a charge of -3. Since three coppers are paired up with a single phosphate, we know that the copper must have a valence of +1. In this scenario, the copper can be called cuprous or copper (I) (as opposed to cupric or copper (II)). So the compound name is either cuprous phosphate or copper (I) phosphate. This is also a solid.

2. Na2SO4 is a salt with two sodium cations and a sulfate anion. This is simply named sodium sulfate, and it is a solid.

H2O is more commonly known as water! It is most likely a liquid, but it might be a gas or solid if the reaction takes place below 0°C or above 100°C, respectively.

3. BaSO4 is a salt with a barium ion and sulfate anion. Barium nearly always has the same charge of +2. The compound name is therefore barium sulfate, and it is a solid.

MgCl2 is a salt with magnesium and chloride ions. Magnesium nearly always has a charge of +2. The compound name is therefore magnesium chloride, and it is a solid.

4. Fe(OH)3 is a salt with iron and hydroxide ions. Iron can have valence states of +2 or +3, but hydroxide always has a charge of -1. Therefore, a single iron balancing with three hydroxides gives iron a charge of +3. Having the higher of two possible charges, it goes by the name ferric or iron (III) (as opposed to ferrous or iron (II)). So the compound name is either ferric hydroxide or iron (III) hydroxide. This is also a solid.

NaNO3 is a salt with sodium and nitrate ions, with charges of +1 and -1, respectively. This is simply named sodium nitrate, and it is a solid.

5. Cu3(PO4) is a salt with copper and phosphate ions. This time, the charge balance tells us that the three coppers have a charge of +1 to balance with the single phosphate ion with the charge of-3. Following our naming structure from before, this is called either cuprous phosphate, and this is a solid.

Na2SO4 is a salt with sodium and sulfate ions. Again, both ions always have the same valence, so no special naming is needed. This compound is called sodium sulfate, and it is a solid.

To find the net ionic equation of any of the reactions, consider the valence states of the cations and anions as products and reactants. Products can cancel out reactants for any ion if the charged not change. The first reaction is the only reaction with a charge change (Cu+2 --> Cu+1).

3 Cu⁺² + 6 Cl^-1 + 3 K⁺¹ + PO4^-3 --> 3 K⁺¹ + 3 Cl^-1 + 3 Cu⁺¹ + PO4^-3

2 H⁺¹ + SO4^-2 + 2 Na⁺¹ +2 OH^-1 --> 2 Na⁺¹ + SO4^-2 + 2 H⁺¹ + 2 OH^-1

Ba⁺² + 2 Cl^-1 + Mg⁺² + SO4^-2 --> Ba⁺² + SO4^-2 + Mg⁺² + 2 Cl^-1

Fe⁺³ + 3 NO3^-1 + 3 Na⁺¹ + 3 OH-¹ --> Fe⁺³ + 3 OH^-1 + 3 Na⁺¹ + 3 NO3^-1

3 Cu⁺² + 3 SO4^-2 + 3 Na⁺¹ + PO4^-3 --> 3 Cu⁺² + PO4^-3 + 2 Na⁺¹ + SO4^-2

Overall net ionic equation:

3 Cu⁺² --> 3 Cu⁺¹