I desperately need help and answers to all sections please. This does not make any sense to me.

Question

6.42 Evolution versus Creationism:  A Gallup Poll released in December 2010 asked 1019 adults living in the Continental U.S. about their belief in the origin of humans. These results, along with results from a more comprehensive poll from 2001 (that we will assume to be exactly accurate - i.e. known values), are summarized in the table below:

ResponseYear: 2010Year: 2001
Humans Evolved with God guiding (1)	38%	37%
Humans evolved but God had no part in the process (2)	16%	12%
God created humans in present form (3)	40%	45%
Other / No opinion (4)	6%	6%

*** The second column above is "Year: 2010" and the third column is "Year: 2001" ***

(a) State hypotheses for the following research question: have beliefs on the origin of human life changed since 2001?

a. Ho: the population follows the 2001 distribution

Ha: the population doesn't follow the 2001 distribution

b. Ho: the population follows the 2010 distribution

Ha: the population doesn't follow the 2010 distribution

c. Ho: the population follows the 2001 distribution

Ha: the population follows the 2010 distribution

(b/c) Calculate the actual number of respondents in 2010 that fall in each response category (round to the nearest integer). Also calculate the expected number, assuming that the population follows the 2001 distribution (keep one decimal place).

ResponseObserved 2010Expected 2010
Humans Evolved with God guiding (1)
Humans evolved but God had no part in the process (2)
God created humans in present form (3)
Other / No opinion (4)

*** The second column above is "Observed 2010" and the third column is "Observed 2010" ***

(d) Conduct a chi-square test and state your conclusion.

The value of the test statistic is: __________ (please round to two decimal places) 

The degrees of freedom for this test are: __________

The p-value for this test is: __________ (please round to four decimal places) 

State the conclusion of the test in the context of the problem: __________

a. The data provide sufficient evidence to claim that the 2010 distribution is different than the distribution in 2001

b. The data to not provide sufficient evidence to claim that the 2010 distribution is different than the distribution in 2001

I am begging for anyone to help me with the answers to all blanks and multiple choice questions. The help provided with the question confused me and was somewhat insufficient.

Answer 1

So how to look at the first section:

You would state a null hypothesis about rather you think the opinion has changed or not. So understand that, you'd understand that the question of interest is "did opinions change"? So we then start to work off of the assumption that opinions haven't changed. So H0: Population 2010 follows the 2001 distribution, meaning that the overall distribution of opinions don't really differ that much, while H1: The population doesn't follow the 2001 distribution.

Look at the second section:

So now you have to calculate the actual values, which is multiplying each percentage in the 2010 distribution by the number of respondents, which is 1019. So you'd multiply 1019*.37, 1019*.12, etc. and you'd do the same thing for the 2001 respondents, which is multiplying 1019 by the 2001 probability distribution, hence (1019*.38, 1019*.37,.... etc). That would be the list of expected numbers, while the numbers for 2010 would be the Observed numbers.

Look at the 3rd section:

We'll do a chi-squared test, which would be given by the formula Sum(Oi - Ei)^2/Ei), with degrees of freedom (number of categories -1 ). In this case, that would be 3, since we have 4 different types of responses. Then, once we determine the alpha level, that will give us the rejection region, which in this case there should be 2, so we would divide our alpha level by 2. You can choose our alpha level to be .01,.05, .10.