Convert to polar coordinates with r ≥ 0 and 0 ≤ θ < 2π.

Question

(−1, −3)

Answer 1

r = distance from (0,0) to (-1,-√3) = √ [(1)² + (√3)²] = √10

Let θ be the positive angle with vertex at the origin, initial side the positive x-axis, and terminal side containing the given point.

Using basic trigonometry, θ = 5π/3.

So, the polar coordinates are (√10, 5π/3).