J.R. S. answered 04/22/19
Ph.D. University Professor with 10+ years Tutoring Experience
Mass percent essentially means how many grams of solute are there in 100 g of solution.
2.77 g KCl in 49.6 g H2O
Total mass of this solution = 2.77 g + 49.6 g = 52.37 g
So, mass % requires us to find g KCl in 100 g of solution:
2.77 g KCl/52.37 g soln (x 100 g solution) = 5.29 g KCl/100 g solution = 5.29 mass percent