
Jeff A. answered 06/18/25
Experienced Artist and Designer
One of the most powerful tools for non-destructive adjustments is the curves adjustment layer. It takes a while to learn its features, but it is worth the effort. For general touch-up and repair, the clone stamp and various healing brushes work well, but be careful to avoid repeating patterns.
A very useful technique is using a duplicate layer with a layer mask. Say there is a large area in shadow that you want to lighten. It is tempting to want to use the dodge tool, but that tends to be uneven and destructive for large areas. Instead, duplicate the layer, lighten the whole image with curves or levels so the shadow area is the way you want it. Now create a layer mask and fill the mask with black. The layer is now invisible. Now, simply take a large soft paint brush tool and turn the opacity down on the brush and set the foreground color to white. Carefully paint over the mask in the area you want to lighten and it will seamlessly blend into the photo.
Finally, the new generative AI tools are great for getting rid of distracting elements and adding missing ones..and they are great for putting funny hats on your relatives:)