Distillation: fractional vs. simple

Question

compare and contrast the results of the simple and fractional distillations, and explain why there is a difference.

Answer 1

The main difference between fractional and simple distillation is the glassware used and the theory behind them. For a fractional distillation a Vigreux or packed column is used. This glassware creates more surface area for the gas to condense and allow for better separation. The extra surface area (also known as theoretical plates) allows you to separate compounds with boiling points that are relatively closer to each other. A simple distillation does not have as much surface area and is therefor harder to separate compounds with boiling points within 25 ˚C of each other.