J.R. S. answered 02/10/19
Ph.D. University Professor with 10+ years Tutoring Experience
To answer these types of questions, you really have to know/understand how the periodic table is assembled. You MUST learn what are the s-block, p-block and d-block elements. You must also understand that the period tells you the number of outer shell (valence) electrons, and the group number tells you what shell is being filled (outer shell). Knowing these concepts, you can answer all of these questions.
Blank has 4 electrons in shell 2 - look @ group 14 and period 2 (carbon)
Blank has five 3p electrons - look @ period 3 and 5th group in the p-block (Cl)
Blank has 1 electron in the 3d subshells - look for the first element in d-block (Sc)
Blank has 2 electrons in the 5p subshell - look for 2nd element in period 5 p-block (Sn)
Blank completes the 6s subshell - look in period 6 group 2 (Ba)