Let x = the number of gallons in a full tank. If the tank is 1/10 full, then it holds (1/10)x gallons. Add 10 gallons and it holds (1/2)x gallons):
(1/10)x + 10 = (1/2)x
10 = (1/2)x - (1/10)x
Solve for x. Start by multiplying both sides of the equation by 10 to get rid of the fractions.