Well to start with, the problem should be:
sin x = a/c
cos x = b/c
Show 1 + tan2 x = sec2 x
tan x = sin x/cos x = (a/c)/(b/c) = a/b
sec x = 1/cosx = 1/(b/c) = c/b
1 + tan2x = sec2x
1 + a2/b2 = c2/b2
(b2 + a2)/b2 = c2/b2
a2 + b2 = c2
By the Pythagorean Theorem, a2 + b2 = c2, so we have
c2 = c2
Which is always true.