Chris H. answered 08/15/14
Tutor
New to Wyzant
To break down Tom's (rather excellent) response a little further, and to demonstrate the mechanics of his example:
An equal sign is kind of like the word "is"; it means that the two things on either side are two different ways of saying the same thing. For example, both 4-3 and 1 are two different ways of expressing the same number, so we can write
4-3=1
This also means that we cannot change one side of an equation without also changing the other side the same way and still have a true equation. Thus, we cannot have
4-3=1+3
That's not a true equation. However, if we do the same thing to both sides of the equation, the equation will stay true. Thus,
4-3+3=1+3
is a true equation. This is useful in algebra because it allows us to, as Tom says, "get all terms in x on on side of the equation and all constant values on the other". The key there is to do the _opposite_ operation from the one you're trying to move. That way, on one side, the two operations will cancel each other out. Thus, if you want to move a number that has been added, you subtract it from both sides, and vice versa. If you want to move a number that has been multiplied, you divide it from both sides, and vice versa. So, when we have an equation like
3x+8=35
we can subtract eight from both sides. That way, we no longer have a term that doesn't involve x on the right, but the equation remains true. Here, let me show you:
3x+8-8=35-8
3x=27
Do you see how that works? We can then do something similar by dividing both sides by three. Since x is multiplied by three on the right side, that reduces to simply x (which is our goal in this whole process) and since we're doing to it to both sides, the equation will remain true.
3x/3=27/3
x=9
And now we have a value for x, which we can check by plugging it into the original equation and seeing if it remains true:
3*9+8=35
27+8=35
35=35
It does! Here's Tom's other example with these mechanics added in:
5x-7=3x+21
5x-7+7=3x+21+7
5x=3x+28
5x-3x=3x+28-3x
2x=28
2x/2=28/2
x=14