Mark M. answered 11/18/16
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Retired Math prof with teaching and tutoring experience in trig.
Let θ = sin-1(8u). Then sinθ = 8u
Draw a right triangle with acute angle θ. label the side opposite θ as 8u and label the hypotenuse as 1 (so, sinθ = 8u/1= 8u). By the Pythagorean Theorem, the side adjacent to θ is √(1 - 64u2).
So, cos(sin-1(8u)) = cosθ = √(1-64u2)/1 = √(1-64u2)