
Herb K. answered 07/15/16
Tutor
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Semi-Retired College Professor - MIT Grad - very patient, experienced
if the original function is y = f(x), then
(a) if y = f(x) + k; translate vertically upward, if k > 0; translate vertically downward if k <0
(b) if y = f(x-a); translate horizontally to the right, if a > 0; translate horizontally to the left, if a < 0
(c) if y = af(x); if a > 1, then stretch vertically, or (alternatively) compress horizontally
if a < 1, then stretch horizontally, or (alternatively) compress vertically