Your question is very broad, and much could be written in response to it. Here are a few facts.
All of the elements in family 1 are metals, and, except for hydrogen, are solids at room temperature. Except for hydrogen, they react with water to form strong bases. They all have a valence of +1
All of the elements in family 2 are metals, and solids at room temperature, and they react with water to form bases, and they have a valence of +2.
All of the elements of family 8 are inert gases.
The elements of family 7 (called the halogens) react with hydrogen to form strong acids. All of the members of this family are highly electronegative. They have a valence of -1.
Density increases as you go down a family.
There are many other facts which could be stated. If there is more information that you want or need, please write to me.
