Steve C. answered 09/14/15
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Covalent bonds are chemical bonds where electrons are shared between two atoms. The atoms that share electrons do so to reach a more stable condition (lower energy) than they would otherwise have. Nitrogen atoms pair up to form diatomic molecules with triple bonds. Oxygen atoms pair up to form diatomic molecules with approximately double bonds. Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom can combine to form a water molecule with a single bond between each hydrogen and the oxygen atom. All of these substances exist because of the "drive" to find more stable conditions. In some cases, individual atoms "find" one another and share electrons. In some cases, a molecule with covalent bonds can be formed from a chemical reaction. For example, water can be formed from the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen: 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O. First, energy must be supplied to break the covalent bonds in the hydrogen and oxygen molecules. Then the hydrogen atoms are free to combine with oxygen atoms to form water molecules. The net reaction is exothermic. The formation of the covalent bonds in the water molecules releases more energy than is required to break the bonds in the reactants.