Chemistry Help Please

Question

Which of the following descriptions and/or equations best represent the enthalpy change of a system? There may be more than one correct answer.

Answer 1

Use overleaf to render the answer below.

### (a) Throughput Calculation:

Throughput (\(T\)) is given by the minimum of the transmission rates of the links along the path.

\[ T = \min(R1, R2, R) \]

Substitute the given values:

\[ T = \min(2 \, \text{Mbps}, 500 \, \text{kbps}, 1 \, \text{Mbps}) \]

Let's convert the units to Mbps:

\[ T = \min(2 \, \text{Mbps}, 0.5 \, \text{Mbps}, 1 \, \text{Mbps}) \]

\[ T = 0.5 \, \text{Mbps} \]

### (b) Time Calculation:

Time (\(t\)) for Bob to receive the message completely is given by:

\[ t = \frac{\text{File Size}}{\text{Throughput}} \]

Let's assume the file size is 200 kB:

\[ t = \frac{200 \, \text{kB}}{0.5 \, \text{Mbps}} \]

Convert units to seconds:

\[ t = \frac{200 \times 8 \times 10^3 \, \text{bits}}{0.5 \times 10^6 \, \text{bps}} \]

\[ t = 3.2 \, \text{seconds} \]

### (c) Queuing Delays:

Since Alice is transmitting the file in two packets of 100 kB each, queuing delays may occur if the rate at which packets are transmitted exceeds the rate at which they can be processed.

Calculate the time to transmit each packet:

\[ t_{\text{packet}} = \frac{100 \, \text{kB}}{0.5 \, \text{Mbps}} \]

\[ t_{\text{packet}} = \frac{100 \times 8 \times 10^3 \, \text{bits}}{0.5 \times 10^6 \, \text{bps}} \]

\[ t_{\text{packet}} = 1.6 \, \text{seconds} \]

Compare \(t_{\text{packet}}\) to the transmission time of the link with the smallest rate (0.5 Mbps). Since \(t_{\text{packet}} < t_{\text{link}}\), there won't be queuing delays, and the packets can be transmitted without waiting.