What volume of 0.1000 M NaOH is required to neutralize each of the following solutions? a. 10.00 mL of 0.1000 M HCl b. 15.00 mL of 0.3500 M HNO3 c. 25.00 mL of 0.0500 M H3PO4

Answer 1

To solve this problem, we need to use the equation for neutralization reactions, which is:

acid + base → salt + water

In this case, the acid is HCl, HNO3, and H3PO4, and the base is NaOH. The balanced chemical equations for these reactions are:

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + H2O

H3PO4 + 3NaOH → Na3PO4 + 3H2O

We can use the balanced chemical equations to determine the mole ratio between the acid and the base. This allows us to calculate the number of moles of NaOH required to neutralize the given amount of acid.

We can then use the molarity of NaOH to calculate the volume of NaOH required.

a. 10.00 mL of 0.1000 M HCl

The balanced chemical equation is:

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

The mole ratio between HCl and NaOH is 1:1. This means that we need 0.00100 moles of NaOH to neutralize 0.00100 moles of HCl.

The number of moles of NaOH required is:

0.00100 moles NaOH

To calculate the volume of NaOH required, we can use the molarity of NaOH:

0.00100 moles NaOH x (1 L/0.1000 mol) x (1000 mL/1 L) = 10.00 mL NaOH

Therefore, 10.00 mL of 0.1000 M NaOH is required to neutralize 10.00 mL of 0.1000 M HCl.

b. 15.00 mL of 0.3500 M HNO3

The balanced chemical equation is:

HNO3 + NaOH → NaNO3 + H2O

The mole ratio between HNO3 and NaOH is 1:1. This means that we need 0.00525 moles of NaOH to neutralize 0.00525 moles of HNO3.

The number of moles of NaOH required is:

0.00525 moles NaOH

To calculate the volume of NaOH required, we can use the molarity of NaOH:

0.00525 moles NaOH x (1 L/0.1000 mol) x (1000 mL/1 L) = 52.50 mL NaOH

Therefore, 52.50 mL of 0.1000 M NaOH is required to neutralize 15.00 mL of 0.3500 M HNO3.

c. 25.00 mL of 0.0500 M H3PO4

The balanced chemical equation is:

H3PO4 + 3NaOH → Na3PO4 + 3H2O

The mole ratio between H3PO4 and NaOH is 1:3. This means that we need 0.00375 moles of NaOH to neutralize 0.00125 moles of H3PO4.

The number of moles of NaOH required is:

0.00375 moles NaOH

To calculate the volume of NaOH required, we can use the molarity of NaOH:

0.00375 moles NaOH x (1 L/0.1000 mol) x (1000 mL/1 L) = 37.50 mL NaOH

Therefore, 37.50 mL of 0.1000 M NaOH is required to neutralize 25.00 mL of 0.0500 M H