Please help me with these these Chemistry questions.

Question

Based on the graph below, which state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) is each hydrocarbon in at -100°C?

1. Octane
2. Butane
3. Methane
4. Ethane

Hexane, 1-hexene, cyclohexane, and benzene each have six carbon atoms. What is the difference between these hydrocarbons? Use the words aliphatic, aromatic, saturated, and unsaturated to help explain your answer. Underline each word in your answer. You must have at least three complete sentences in your answer.

Answer 1

Hello, Taylor,

1. Octane - solid
2. Butane - liquid
3. Methane - gas
4. Ethane - liquid, just barely

Hexane, C₆H₁₄, is a straight chain of carbons, each connected to each other by a single bond, with hydrogens attached to the remaining carbon bonds. This abundance of hydrogens at all the remaining carbon bonding sites, plus there are no carbon double bonds, makes it a saturated molecule. It is an aliphatic molecule common in gasoline. Not very exciting, but it gets the job done.

1-hexene, C₆H₁₂, is the same chain of 6 carbons as hexane, but the first two carbons are linked with a double bond. The double bond makes it an unsaturated molecule - the double bond means it is no longer maxed out with hydrogens, giving it a particular appeal to other molecules craving some excitement.

cyclohexane, C₆H_12, is a chain of 6 carbons whose ends have also bonded, forming a cyclic structure. Every remaining carbon site has a hydrogen and there are no double bonds, so it is also a saturated molecule. A step above hexane since its appearance evokes some amusement.

benzene, C₆H_6, is an unsaturated, aromatic compound of 6 carbons arranged in a circle, just like cyclohexane, but with double bonds between alternating carbon pairs, and a further reduction of hydrogens. It has a sweet, aromatic odor and is considered dangerous to human health (carcinogen). The unusual arrangement of double bonds allows some of the bonding electrons to scoot around the molecule on a raceway all of their own, and they enjoy it enough to make the seemingly fragile arrangement stable. The partying electrons are said to be "resonating" around the circle, and is sometimes refered to as resonance and this propeerty is whatt gives benzene it aromatic behavior. He's the life of the party and is happy to participate in a broad array of reactions that link other molecules to it's backbone carbons. Prior to it being classified as hazardous to heath, it found a wide variety of applications involving grease removal, coffee decaffeination (why?), and even aftershave. It is still a highly used molecule that is converted into non-hazardous (they say) compounds used in a wide variety of applications.

Sorry, I got a little carried away,

Bob